SOCCER BALL CONSTRUCTION

A standard soccer ball according to 'FIFA' Standards is consist of 32 panels (20 hexagons and 12  pentagons ) in size 5, 4,3 .First of all Synthetic leather sheet are laminated with cotton and polyester     layers to reinforce the ball's strength, then sheets are cutted into hexagonal and pentaagonal shapes. Inside the ball a bladder is placed, the bladers are usually made of either latex or butyl. After cutting the panels , Silk screen printing is done on the peices according to the design and requirements of the customers. Then the pannels are Hand stitched with Pre Puches Stitch Holes togeather with a bladder inside the pannels, this way 32 Panels are held by 720 stitches in a soccer ball. Official weight 420~445 grams with ball pressure 0.8 bar  Circumference for size 5 is 68.5cm to 69.5cm  Rebound: 120~150cm at 20 C Temperature  Current statistics shows that 90% balls used in the whole world are MADE IN PAKISTAN

Logo Soccer Ball

Almost 80% balls used in the whole world are produced in Sialkot Pakistan. materials: cotton and polyester backing is produced in Pakistan. artificial leather: several factories in Pakistan produced variety of artificial leather. also imported from Korea and china. latex: imported from Malaysia bladders: Produced in Pakistan, material imported from Malaysia.  Butyl bladders are also imported from China Thread: locally made in Pakistan Ink: imported from france, Korea, china etc. Silk screens: locally made in Pakistan

External Links:

http://www.soccerball.com.pk/construct.htm Above article courtesy Dexterous Export Pakistan

Soccer balls

The rectangular pitch is divided in half by a line drawn between the mid-points of the two longer sides. This is the halfway line. Exactly halfway across the halfway line is the centre spot. Kick-offs, at the start of each half and after a goal is scored, are taken from this spot. When a team kicks-off, players from the opposing team must remain a distance of at least 10 yards (9.15 m) from the centre spot until the kick is taken. A circle drawn around the centre spot, known as the centre circle, marks this distance. Below is a diagram of a soccer field: At either end of the pitch are the goals. These are formed by two upright posts placed equidistant from the corner flagposts, 24 feet (7.32 m) apart and 8 feet (2.44 m) in height, joined at the top by a crossbar. Nets are usually placed behind the goal, though are not required by the Laws of the Game. Two boxes are marked out on the pitch in front of each goal. The smaller box, called the 6 yard box or colloquially the "goal area", is laid out to surround the goal at an equal distance of 6 yards (5.5 m). Goal kicks and any free kick by the defending team may be taken from anywhere in this area. An indirect free kick awarded to the attacking team for an incident occurring within the 6 yard box must be taken from the point on this line parallel to the goal line nearest where an incident occurred. The outer box is known as the penalty area (or colloquially the 18 yard box), and is set 18 yards (16.5 m) to each side of the goal, and 18 yards in front of it. A small semicircle (called the restraining arc or the D) is also drawn at the outside edge of the penalty area, 10 yards (9.15 m) from the penalty mark. This is an exclusion zone for all players other than the one taking the kick in the event of a penalty being awarded. The penalty spot (or penalty mark) is immediately in the middle of and 12 yards (11 m) in front of the goal. In each corner of the pitch a small quarter circle with a 1 yard (1 m) radius is drawn where corner kicks are taken from. All lines drawn on the pitch are a part of the area which they define. For example, a ball on or over the touchline is still on the field of play, a ball on the line of the goal area is in the goal area, and a foul committed over the 18-yard line is in the penalty area. A ball must wholly cross the touchline to be out of play, and a ball must wholly cross the goal line (between the goal posts) before a goal is scored; if any part of the ball is still on or over the line, the ball is still in play.

http://www.soccer-rules.the-worldcup.com/soccer_field.htm

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